Don’t rule out the wire behind the dash. I was experiencing similar behavior until my phone just didn’t connect but still was getting power from the port. Turns out the wire connecting the USB port and the head unit was faulty. If I wiggled the wire on the end connected to the head unit then it worked like normal.
My gramin instinct fits this description. Mine is 1st gen and if I didn’t use it for gps activity tracking the battery would probably last 2 weeks. Think I’ve had it for 4 years now.