These have both been taken with the exact same camera from the same location. The one on the left is with the OnePlus camera app, and the one on the right is from a community modification of the Google camera app to work on the OnePlus 12. The Google one looks a lot better because they use super-resolution from multiple short exposures automatically.
The Google camera app does not usually look better without zoom (in my short time testing) and also has a harder time focusing.
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at its core you’re still recording a number from 0% to 100% brightness in the image… if an image is more yellow, you’re adding some extra brightness to those channels, which potentially loses you information. it might not be noticeable most of the time, but especially around clipping there’s going to be information lost
all that said, i’m not a professional - i’m just an amateur with a blackmagic camera and a decent understanding of the data format it uses filling in some blanks
I know that camera hardware does not return hdr values. So something in the actual conversion from/in the sensor (idk how cmos sensors work) would have to be affected by the white balance for changing it in the camera software to do lose a significant amount more information than changing it after the picture was taken. Unless the conversion from a raw image also is a factor, but raw images aren’t hdr either so I don’t really see how that could cause much significant difference.
If the white balance only dims colors and doesn’t brighten them then it couldn’t possibly clip anything and would have the same effect as lowering the exposure originally (with the new white balance) to avoid a clipped highlight.
I’m not a photography guy (just a computer graphics guy) so idk what the software usually does (I suspect it would avoid clipping? You could also brighten something with a gamma curve for example to prevent clipping…) but I can’t find anything online about sensors having hardware support for white balance adjustment.